mysql主从同步
主从同步的工作原理
复制的工作过程
1. 在每个事务更新数据完成之前,Master 将这些改变记录进二进制日志。写入二进制日志完成后,Master 通知存储引擎提交事务
2. Slave 将 Master 的 Binary log 复制到其中继日志( Relay log) 。首先,Slave 开始一个工作线程——I/O 线程, I/O 线程在 Master 上打开一个普通的连接,然后开始 Binlog dump process。Binlog dumpprocess 从 Master 的二进制日志中读取事件,如果已经跟上Master,它会睡眠并等待 Master 产生新的事件。I/O 线程将这些事件写入中继日志。
3. SQL slave thread(SQL 从线程)处理该过程的最后一步。 SQL 线程从中继日志读取事件,并重放其中的事件而更新 Slave 数据,使其与Master 中的数据保持一致。 只要该线程与 I/O 线程保持一致,中继日志通常会位于 OS 的缓存中,所以中继日志的开销很小
环境:
系统:centos7
主库主机:192.168.11.11
从库主机:192.168.11.12
端口都是:3306
#搭建mysql 5.7
#两台节点都要安装
5.7安装
wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
yum -y install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck
systemctl start mysqld.service
grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log看初始密码
mysql -u root -p
#配置主从
vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=1 #各个节点的ID不能一样
log_bin=mysql-bin #打开logbin日志
重启mysql
###主 MySQL 服务器
mysql> show master status;
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to
'slave'@'192.168.11.%' identified by 'jjy';
#创建slave用户密码jjy,只能在192.168.11.0网段连接,而且只有同步权限
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> select User,Host from mysql.user;
mysql> show grants for 'slave'@'192.168.11.%';
###从 MySQL 服务器
mysql> change master to
master_host='192.168.11.11',master_user='slave',master_pa
ssword='jjy',master_port=3306,master_log_file='mysqlbin.000001',master_log_pos=120;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G #确认同步状态
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
#如果结果是no,可以看下面加粗报错信息进行更改
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.70.132
Master_User: zty
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 837
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 837
Relay_Log_Space: 120
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 1593
Last_IO_Error: Fatal error: The slave I/O thread stops because master and slave have equal MySQL server UUIDs; these UUIDs must be different for replication to work.
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File:
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 170927 14:35:51
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
#停止,重启,启动主从同步 最后可以验证
mysql> stop slave;
mysql> reset slave;
mysql> start slave;